The end of the controversial ban brings the ultra-conservative Gulf nation into line with the rest of the world. It also represents the culmination of years of campaigning by rights activists who have sometimes been arrested and imprisoned for their efforts.
Mona Al-Fares, a doctor, was in her car before midnight, waiting for the ban to lift before setting off through the streets of Jeddah with her husband and children.
“I feel like I’m surprised — am I really driving in my own country? I feel happy, relieved. I feel like I’m free,” she told CNN.
Hiring women is a key part of Saudi Arabia’s ambitious plan to overhaul its economy, known as Vision 2030. The reform agenda is being spearheaded by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.
Many other restrictions on women’s everyday lives remain in place under the male guardianship system — including the right to marry, work or travel.
Women and their families began tweeting photos and videos of women driving and celebrating as the ban lifted.
One businesswoman said “It’s our moment” in an Arab News tweet.
Another video showed a woman driving slowly down a road.
In Riyadh, Aliah Naser watched as her mother, Romoush Bana, drove for the first time and posted an image of the moment to Instagram.
“My reaction: I was super excited about this change in Saudi and really hope that everyone can have fun and enjoy these changes in Saudi Arabia,” she told CNN. “She was scared a little but she did it in the end.”
‘Women can’t drive’
It also staged events last week in the cities of Riyadh, Dammam, Jeddah and Tabuk to raise awareness of road safety, traffic laws and safe driving habits. Women who were new to driving could try out driving simulators and practice parking.
Rawan Ahmed, 22, first tried driving in a go-kart track in Jeddah on Friday as part of a driving awareness event. She plans to take lessons to learn the basics before applying for a license.
She believes that “90% accept women driving,” she said, adding: “They chose the right time to allow women to drive. I feel this is the most appropriate time.”
It may take some time, however, to change the attitudes of those opposed to the ban lifting.
“Women can’t drive and they are unqualified,” Khaled Abdullah Al-Houba, a 42-year-old state employee, told CNN on Saturday. He was sitting with his wife and children at the busy walkway overlooking the Red Sea in Jeddah.
“The society is not used to women driving,” he said. For him, the decision taken last September was implemented too soon. “Women need at least two years to learn driving,” he said, “so the women can be ready and society gets ready.”
He would consider allowing his daughters to apply for a license in the future, he said, but for now, “Saudi women still don’t have the guts needed to drive.”
Activists arrested
Among the women’s rights advocates arrested last month were Loujain Al-Hathloul, who was previously detained for 73 days in 2014 after trying to drive from the United Arab Emirates to Saudi Arabia, and Aziza al-Yousef, 70, one of the country’s earliest activists for the right to drive.
Both remain in custody, rights group Amnesty International said Thursday.
Those detained were accused of “suspicious contact with foreign entities,” according to a statement on Saudi Arabia’s official news agency.
Rights groups have condemned the crackdown and voiced fears that it could presage a closing down of Saudi civil society.
Saudi activist and author Manal al-Sharif, who was jailed in Saudi Arabia in 2011 after posting a video on YouTube of herself driving a car, tweeted Sunday that she was the first Saudi women to be given a ticket.
“The first Saudi traffic violation that was issued to a woman was actually for me for driving without a license on May 19th, 2011,” she said, adding that she paid 900 Riyals, or $240.
Sharif told CNN last month that she had planned to visit the country from Australia, where she now lives, but had canceled the upcoming trip out of fear for her safety following the arrests of activists.
“We are back to square one,” she said. “We used to live in a police state; if you speak up you go to jail. And then there would be a defamation campaign against you, saying all sort of untrue things. Character assassination. We are seeing that same pattern again now.”
Sharif also told CNN that after Saudi authorities announced plans to allow women to drive, they called her and asked her not to speak to the media about it.
Amnesty: ‘Bravery and determination’
“The lifting of the ban is testament to the bravery and determination of the women’s rights activists who have been campaigning on the issue since the 1990s, and the activists following up their groundbreaking work in subsequent campaigns since 2011,” said Samah Hadid, Amnesty International’s Middle East campaigns director.
“While we welcome the fact that women can finally get behind the wheel, we should not forget that many people are still behind bars for their work in fighting for women’s rights in Saudi Arabia.”
“There can be no real celebration on June 24 while the women who campaigned for the right to drive and their supporters remain behind bars,” said Sarah Leah Whitson, Middle East director at Human Rights Watch.
Saudi Arabia follows a strict form of Wahhabi Islam that bans the mixing of sexes at public events and places numerous curbs on women. While there has been some loosening of restrictions in recent months, rights groups say much more remains to be done.
CNN’s Sarah El Sirgany reported from Jeddah and Laura Smith-Spark wrote from London. CNN’s Tamara Qiblawi, Amir Vera and Amanda Jackson contributed to this report.
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